Pharyngocutaneous fistula as an alternative access route for inserting a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube in head and neck cancer patients.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Performing a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients can be challenging because of the presence of trismus, pharyngeal obstruction by tumor, and pharyngoesophageal strictures or fistula. Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is a major postoperative concern in patients submitted to total laryngectomy (TL). In the medical literature to date, the cervical fistula has been used as an access to PEG in only four reports. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of cervical fistula for insertion of a PEG tube. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study at a single tertiary referral center, regarding the technical feasibility, safety and outcomes of a PEG tube introduced by a cervical fistula in HNC patients with obstructive lesions of the oropharynx. RESULTS: The procedure was technically successful in all 21 patients. A PEG tube was used for a minimum of 1 month and a maximum of 120 months. Twelve patients died while using the PEG tube, 8 had it taken out because it was no longer needed, and only 1 had the tube still in use. Adverse events occurred in 8 patients: granuloma (19 %), dermatitis (9.5 %), accidental late removal of the tube (9.5 %), periprocedural gastric wall hematoma (9.5 %), peristomal wound infection (4.7 %), buried bumper syndrome (4.7 %), and traumatic gastric ulcer (4.7 %). CONCLUSION: A postoperative cervical fistula can successfully work as a reliable and safe access for a PEG tube procedure in HNC patients, avoiding unnecessary surgery and reducing costs.

Gastrostomia endoscópica percutânea ambulatorial em pacientes com de câncer de cabeça e pescoço / Outpatient percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in head and neck cancer patients

Introdução: A gastrostomia endoscópica percutanea (GEP) é um método relativamente simples e seguro para fornecimento de nutrição enteral, sendo normalmente realizado em pacientes hospitalizados. A utilização da GEP como procedimento ambulatorial ainda não está bem estabelecida. Objetivo: Investigar a viabilidade e a segurança da GEP como procedimento ambulatorial em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Métodos: Em estudo de coorte prospectivo, pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço em bom estado geral foram selecionados e incluídos em um protocolo de acompanhamento de GEP ambulatorial. Resultados: 136 pacientes foram selecionados para realização de GEP ambulatorial. Destes, 129 (94,8%) receberam alta hospitalar três horas após o procedimento. Três pacientes foram excluídos do estudo no pré-operatório e quatro foram hospitalizados pós-procedimento. A taxa de complicações menores foi de 17,6% (dor local 7,4%; infecção de ferida 6,6%; dor abdominal 2,9%; hematoma 0,7%). Complicações maiores ocorreram em 2,2% dos procedimentos. Não houve óbito. Conclusão: A realização ambulatorial de GEPs é viável e segura em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço em boas condições clinicas. As taxas de complicações precoces são semelhantes às descritas para pacientes hospitalizados. Internações desnecessárias são evitadas e os custos hospitalares são reduzidos.

Introduction: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a relatively simple and safe method of providing access for enteral feeding, being usually performed in hospitalized patients. The feasibility of PEG as an outpatient procedure has not been well established. Objective: To investigate the feasibility and safety of PEG as an outpatient procedure in a selected group of head and neck cancer patients. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, head and neck cancer subjects in good clinical condition were selected and enrolled in a close follow-up protocol of outpatient PEG. Results: Out of a total of 136 PEG patients, 129 (94.8%) were discharged 3 hours after the procedure. Three were excluded from the study and four were hospitalized. The rate of minor complications was 17.6% (local pain, 7.4%; wound infection, 6.6%; abdominal pain, 2.9%; hematoma, 0.7%). Major complications occurred in 2.2% of the procedures (buried bumper syndrome, 1.5%; early tube displacement, 0.7%). There was no mortality. Conclusion: Ambulatory placement of gastrostomy tubes is viable and safe in head and neck cancer patients in good clinical condition. The early complication rates are similar to those described for hospitalized patients. Unnecessary admissions are avoided and costs of hospitalization are reduced.